 |
|
Civilian Life (1879-1899) |
|
|
|
|
|
Civilian Life (1879-1899) |
|
|
This section will focus on a history of events that took place throughout the Russian Empire during the end of the nineteenth century. Here we will discuss the political changes and significant civil events that occurred between 1879 and 1899. The Russian leaders of the period will also be profiled at a later time. It should be noted that all dates given below are according to the modern Gregorian calendar, dates given in parenthesis are Julian calendar dates that were used by the Russian Empire during this period.
|
|
||||||||||||||
Timeline 1879-1899
|
|
|
|
|
|
| People's Will Party and Black Partition organizations are established. | ||||
| 7 November | The Communist revolutionary Lev Davidovich Bronstein (later known as Lev Trotsky) was born. He played a major role in both the 1905 and 1917 revolutions, but was later driven into exile by Stalin. | |||
| 21
December (9 December) |
Joseph (Stalin) Vissarionovich Djugashvili is born in Gori, Georgia | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Dostoevsky publishes his Brothers Karamazov | ||||
| Construction of the Trans-Caspian Railroad is started. | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| January | The Russians slaughter the Turkmens at the Battle of Goek-Tepe, resulting in the creation of the Trans-Caspian province. | |||
| 9 February (28 January) |
Russian writer Fyodor Dostoevsky dies in St. Petersburg, Russia. | |||
| 1 March | Tsar Alexander II is assassinated. | |||
| 28 March | Russian composer and writer of the opera 'Boris Godunov' Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky dies from alcohol poisoning. He would be buried at the Alexander Nevsky Monastary in St. Petersburg. | |||
| Over 4,000 electric arc lamps designed by Pavel Yablochkov are in use. | ||||
| The Treaty of St. Petersburg between Russia and China results in the return of the Ili Valley to China. | ||||
| The Russian explorer Dr. Regel begins a two year exploration of the Pamirs. | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 22 July | Russian revolutionary and politician, Lev Kamenev is born. He would be shot in 1935 after being unjustly accused of conspiring against Stalin. | |||
|
3 September (22 August) |
Russian novelist and playwright Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev dies near Bougival, France. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Universities experience a wave of reactionary regulations. | ||||
| The Russians introduce American cotton into Turkestan. | ||||
| The Russians occupy the Merv oasis and complete the conquest of Turkestan. | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Muslim revolt in the Ferghana Valley against Tsarist rule. | ||||
| The Trans-Caspian Railroad reaches Mary (Merv). | ||||
| March |
The Panjdeh Incident occurs in Afghanistan Russian forces seize the Panjdeh Oasis in Afghanistan. Local forces attempted to retake it but failed. England interprets the move as a potential threat to their Indian colony. |
|||
| 10 September | British prime minister William Gladstone reaches a negotiated settlement with Russia over the Afghan border issue. Russia is allowed to keep the Panjdeh region. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Industrial revolution reaches Russia. | ||||
| England and Russia complete negotiations about exact location of the Russo-Afghan border. | ||||
| 7 July | Russian Surrealist painter, printmaker, and designer Marc Chagall was born in Vitebsk, Belarus. He would go on to become a celebrated artist in the 20th century. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Scheherazade is released by Rimsky-Korsakov. | ||||
| The Trans-Caspian Railroad reaches Samarkand. | ||||
| September | Joseph (Stalin) Vissarionovich Djugashvili enters elementary school in Gori, Georgia. | |||
| 1 November | Russian explorer Nikolai Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky dies of Typhus at Karakol on the shores of lake Issyk Kul. | |||
| 17 November | Tchaikovsky's 5th Symphony premiers in St. Petersburg. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Land Captains are introduced to restrict free peasants use and ownership of land. | ||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mass immigration of Russian and Ukrainian settlers into the Kazakh steppe. This lasts until 1892. | ||||
|
|
|
Borodin
releases the opera 'Prince
Igor' Famed composer Peter Tchaikovsky releases 'Sleeping Beauty' Nicholas II is one of those in attendance. Minister Pobedonostaev issues his report on Russian Jewry - 'A third will convert, a third will immigrate, and the remainder will die out'. |
||
| October | Nicholas II and Prince George of England go on a 9 month cruise through Mediterranean, Suez Canal, to India, and to Japan. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Construction begins on the Trans-Siberian railway. | ||||
| In talks that last until 1893, the Franco-Russian alliance is formed | ||||
| Massive Typhus outbreaks followed by starvation kills thousands. | ||||
| French fleet visits Kronstadt. 'Marseillaise' is played for them (the first time the revolutionary song has been legally played in Russia for anyone). | ||||
| 17,000 Jews are brutally evicted from Moscow. | ||||
|
27 September (15 September) |
The Russian writer, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, dies. His "Oblamov" is regarded as one of the most important Russian novels. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tret'iakov donates his art collection to the city of Moscow | ||||
| Riots occur in Tashkent due to a cholera epidemic. | ||||
| Count Sergei Witte serves as minister of communications, finance and commerce until 1903 | ||||
| 31 May | Nicholas II visits Vladivostok and cements the first brick of the passenger rail station there. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grand Duke Nicholas II represents the royal family at the wedding of
George, Duke of York (later King George V). Russian fleet visits Toulon, France. |
||||
| Electrical engineer Alexander Nikolayevich Lodygin plates platinum wire filaments with tungsten. | ||||
| Lenin joins a Marxist study group and meets Nadezhda Krupskaya. | ||||
| 6 November | Composer Peter Tchaikovsky dies. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Poet, publisher, and mentor of
Alexander Blok, Vladimir Soleov'ev begins publishing his works. Alexander III falls ill, possibly due to influenza. Russia and France sign a treaty of alliance. |
||||
| 31 March (19 March) |
Electrical engineer and inventor of the electric arc lamp and a form of electric lighting based on alternating current Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov dies. | |||
| 5 April | Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev is born in Kalinovka, Kursk province, Russian Empire | |||
| 2 November | Joseph (Stalin) Vissarionovich Djugashvili enters the Tiflis Theological Seminary. | |||
| 1 November | Tsar Alexander III dies at the age of 49 in Livadia, Crimea. | |||
| 19 November | Funeral of Tsar Alexander III. His body lies in state for 17 days. 61 royals from across Europe and 460 dignitaries from across Russia attend the funeral along with their entourages. | |||
| 20 November | The Russian composer Anton Grigoryevich Rubinstein dies. He was best known for his opera "The Demon". He also founded the conservatory at St Petersburg taught the composer Tchaikovsky. | |||
| 26 November | Tsar Nicolas II and Alexandra marry. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Wave of workers strikes across Russia. Police begin to take notice of Marxists. | ||||
| Anglo-Russian convention is held. It established the Wakham Strip of Afghanistan which separated Russian and British territories. | ||||
| Joseph (Stalin) Vissarionovich Djugashvili makes contact with a group of Russian Marxists who had been exiled to the Caucasus for their revolutionary activity. | ||||
| Japan occupies several Chinese territories, but then citing Russian objections the Japanese pull out of Port Arthur region. | ||||
| Lenin travels to Geneva to meet George Plekhanov known as 'the Father of Russian Marxism' | ||||
| November | Grand Duchess Olga Romanov is born. | |||
| December | Lenin is arrested and spends one year in St. Petersburg prison before being exiled to Shushenskoe Siberia for three years. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Disastrous production of Anton Chekhov's 'The Seagull' in St. Petersburg | ||||
| 26 May | Coronation of Nicholas II. A disturbance in the viewing crowd causes them to stampede. This leaves hundreds dead and thousands injured. |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 28 January | First all-Russian census counts 128,907,692 people | |||
| Textile workers strike leads to 11.5 hour
workday. Lenin exiled to Siberia |
||||
| June | Grand Duchess Tatiana Romanov is born. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Moscow Art
Theater founded, produces Chekhov's
Sea Gull 1st Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Party (Minsk) |
||||
| Muslim uprising occurs in Andijan against Russians. | ||||
| Russia secures a 99 year lease to
Port Arthur from Chinese government. Port Arthur is soon occupied by
Russian military. Finns begin to lose many of their rights as a nation. |
||||
| January | Joseph (Stalin) Djugashvili starts a worker's Marxist circle in the Tiflis Central Railway Workshops. | |||
| May | Grand Duchess Marie Romanov is born. | |||
| 10 July | Lenin and Nadezhda Krupskaya marry. | |||
| August | Joseph (Stalin) Djugashvili joins the Georgian Social-Democratic organization Messameh Dassy. | |||
| 24 August | Tsar Nicholas II proposes a conference with other major powers for the "preservation of general peace by disarmament". | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Famed bass opera singer, Fedor Chaliapin makes his first debut in Russian theater. | ||||
| Serge Dinghilev founds the journal 'The World of Art' and criticizes Russian ballet. | ||||
| May | Russian and members of other European powers sign the Hague Treaty. Rules of Warfare are established and the World Court is formed. | |||
| 29 May | Joseph (Stalin) Djugashvili is expelled from the Tiflis Theological Seminary for his Marxist activities. | |||
| Summer | Grand Duke George Romanov dies of TB. | |||
| Alexander Kerensky moves to St. Petersburg to study. | ||||
|
Statistics of the Russian Empire |
|||
|
• Population (1897): 128,907,692
• Number of Joint-Stock Commercial Banks: (1881): 33 |
|||
|
Later Political Events |
|||